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Natural hazard risk in York County, Pennsylvania

Updated October 30, 2026. Based on FEMA, NOAA and OpenFEMA data. Published by Humblebee.

FEMA overall Risk Index rating: Relatively Moderate (score 90.4 of 100)[5]

Expected annual loss (FEMA)
$106.0 million[1]
Federal disaster declarations since 1972
19[2]
NFIP flood claims paid, 1978 to 2026
$20.7 million[3]
Tornadoes recorded, 1950 to 2024
34[4]

FEMA's National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025) gives York County an overall rating of Relatively Moderate[5]. The hazards with the highest FEMA scores within the county are winter weather, inland flooding and strong wind[6].

FEMA risk ratings for each hazard

Ratings and expected losses from the FEMA National Risk Index. Each rating compares this county with all US counties for that hazard, from Very Low to Very High. They are planning estimates, not predictions, and they do not describe any single property.

FEMA rates York County Relatively Moderate overall, with a Risk Index score of 90.4 out of 100 compared with all US counties[5]. FEMA's National Risk Index estimates Expected Annual Loss from all 18 natural hazards at $106.0 million a year[1]. By FEMA's sorted values, the largest parts of that loss come from inland flooding, hurricane and earthquake, in that order[7]. Expected Annual Loss is a FEMA estimate of average yearly loss, and the index is not meant to predict next year's damage[8]. FEMA rates Social Vulnerability Very Low (score 17.0), which describes how susceptible social groups are to harm from natural hazards[9]. FEMA rates Community Resilience Very High (score 83.4), which describes a community's ability to prepare for, withstand and recover from hazards[10].

Hazards sorted by FEMA hazard-type Risk Index score, highest first
HazardFEMA risk ratingExpected annual loss
Winter WeatherVery High$1.4 million[11]
Inland FloodingRelatively High$69.0 million[12]
Strong WindRelatively High$3.0 million[13]
LightningRelatively High$1.8 million[14]
HurricaneRelatively Moderate$15.3 million[15]
Heat WaveRelatively Moderate$4.3 million[16]
EarthquakeRelatively Low$4.7 million[17]
DroughtRelatively Moderate$1.7 million[18]
LandslideRelatively Low$17,000[19]
Cold WaveRelatively Moderate$3.1 million[20]
Ice StormRelatively Moderate$190,000[21]
TornadoRelatively Low$1.4 million[22]
WildfireVery Low$34,000[23]
AvalancheVery Low$69[24]
HailVery Low$103,000[25]

Rated Not Applicable by FEMA for this county: coastal flooding, tsunami, volcanic activity[26].

Social vulnerability and community resilience

FEMA uses these two ratings to scale expected losses into the Risk Index.

FEMA measureRatingScore
Social vulnerabilityVery Low17.0[9]
Community resilienceVery High83.4[10]

Flooding and flood insurance

FEMA rates inland flooding risk Relatively High for York County compared with other US counties, with an Expected Annual Loss of $69.0 million a year[12]. OpenFEMA lists 674 residential flood insurance contracts in force as of 2026-08-03[27]. It also lists 459 contracts for 1,506 residential structures inside the mapped Special Flood Hazard Area, so 30.5% of homes inside the SFHA are insured[27]. OpenFEMA NFIP claims data show 1,753 claims filed for losses from 1978 to 2026, and NFIP paid $20.7 million in total[3]. To learn about a specific address, use FEMA's Flood Map Service Center[28].

Measure Value
Inland Flooding, FEMA risk rating[12] Relatively High, $69.0 million expected loss a year
NFIP residential flood policies in force (2026)[27] 674 of 148,164 homes
Homes in FEMA's mapped high-risk flood area (SFHA)[27] 1,506, of which 459 insured
NFIP flood claims, 1978 to 2026[3] 1,753 filed, $20.7 million paid

Is a specific address in a flood zone? Only FEMA's flood maps answer that, property by property[28]. This page describes the whole county.

Search an address on the FEMA Flood Map Service Center

Disaster declarations and tornado records

OpenFEMA lists 19 federal disaster declarations for natural hazards that include York County since 1972[2]. By incident type, there were 6 for flood, 5 for hurricane, 4 for snowstorm, 3 for severe storm and 1 for severe ice storm[2]. The most recent listed is DR-4618-PA, Remnants Of Hurricane Ida, declared 2021-09-10[29]. NOAA's tornado database records 34 tornadoes touching the county from 1950 to 2024[4]. The most recent was on 2023-08-07[4].

Federal disaster declarations for natural hazards that include York County, since 1972
Incident type Declarations
Flood[2] 6
Hurricane[2] 5
Snowstorm[2] 4
Severe Storm[2] 3
Severe Ice Storm[2] 1
Most recent declarations
Declaration Incident Declared
DR-4618-PA[29] Remnants Of Hurricane Ida 2021-09-10
DR-4267-PA[29] Severe Winter Storm And Snowstorm 2016-03-23
EM-3367-PA[29] Severe Winter Storm 2014-02-06
EM-3356-PA[29] Hurricane Sandy 2012-10-29
DR-4030-PA[29] Tropical Storm Lee 2011-09-12

How to prepare

Steps from Ready.gov, FEMA's preparedness site, for the hazards with the highest FEMA ratings here. Follow instructions from local officials and the National Weather Service when a warning is issued.

Winter storms and cold

Before

  • Insulate your home and learn how to keep pipes from freezing.
  • Install and test smoke and carbon monoxide detectors with battery backup.
  • Keep several days of supplies in case the power goes out, including medication and pet needs.
  • Put an emergency kit in your car with jumper cables, sand, blankets, water and snacks, and keep the tank full.

During

  • Under a winter storm warning, find shelter right away.
  • Stay off the roads if you can. If you are stuck in your car, stay inside it.
  • Run generators and grills only outdoors, away from windows, and never heat your home with an oven or stove.

Source: Ready.gov, winter storms and cold

Floods

Before

  • Check your flood risk with FEMA's Flood Map Service Center, and remember that floods do not follow map lines.
  • Sign up for your community's warning system. NOAA Weather Radio also broadcasts alerts.
  • Buy flood insurance through the NFIP well before a disaster. Homeowners policies do not cover flooding, and a new policy typically takes up to 30 days to go into effect.
  • Make a household plan with evacuation routes, shelter locations and what to do in a flash flood.
  • Keep important documents in a waterproof container and make password-protected digital copies.

During

  • If you are told to evacuate, leave right away and never drive around barricades.
  • Do not walk, swim or drive through floodwater. Six inches of moving water can knock you down.
  • If you are trapped in a building, go to the highest level, but do not climb into a closed attic.

Source: Ready.gov, floods

Hurricanes

Before

  • Know your hurricane risk, including rain, wind and tornadoes far inland from landfall.
  • Learn your evacuation zone and routes, and practice them with your household and pets.
  • Keep insurance policies and ID current, with password-protected digital copies.
  • Clear drains and gutters, bring in outdoor furniture and consider hurricane shutters.
  • Keep your phone charged, buy backup chargers and gather supplies, including medication and pet supplies.

During

  • If you are in a mandatory evacuation zone and officials order an evacuation, leave right away.
  • For high winds, take shelter in a designated storm shelter or an interior room.
  • If you are trapped by flooding, go to the highest level, but do not climb into a closed attic.

Source: Ready.gov, hurricanes

Questions people ask

Is York County, PA at risk of flooding?
FEMA rates inland flooding risk Relatively High for York County compared with other US counties[12]. FEMA's flood maps apply to specific properties, so check an address in the Flood Map Service Center[28].
Does York County have tornadoes?
NOAA's tornado database records 34 tornadoes touching York County from 1950 to 2024[4]. FEMA rates tornado risk Relatively Low compared with other US counties[22].
Is York County at risk of earthquakes?
FEMA rates earthquake risk Relatively Low for York County compared with other US counties[17]. FEMA estimates earthquake Expected Annual Loss at $4.7 million a year[17].
Is York County at risk of wildfire?
FEMA rates wildfire risk Very Low for York County compared with other US counties[23]. FEMA estimates wildfire Expected Annual Loss at $34,000 a year[23].
How many disasters have been declared in York County?
OpenFEMA lists 19 federal disaster declarations for natural hazards that include York County since 1972[2]. 13 were major disasters and 6 were emergency or fire management declarations[2].

Facts and sources

  1. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025): Expected Annual Loss from all 18 natural hazards in York County is $106.0 million a year (Expected Annual Loss rating Relatively Moderate, score 91.2). Of this, buildings account for $84.7 million, injuries and deaths (converted to dollars by FEMA) for $18.0... FEMA National Risk Index
  2. OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries list 19 federal disaster declarations for natural hazards that include York County since 1972 (13 major disaster, 6 emergency or fire management). By incident type: flood 6, hurricane 5, snowstorm 4, severe storm 3, severe ice storm 1. Biological (such as COVID-19) and other... OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations
  3. HazardFacts tally of OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims (losses from 1978 to 2026): 1,753 National Flood Insurance Program claims were filed for losses in York County, 1,411 of them with a payment, and NFIP paid $20.7 million in total (building, contents and increased cost of compliance, in dollars of the year paid).... OpenFEMA NFIP claims
  4. NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database (1950 to 2024): 34 recorded tornadoes touched York County. The strongest were rated F3 (most recent of them on 1952-04-05). 1 were rated F3/EF3 or stronger. The most recent recorded tornado was on 2023-08-07. Ratings used the Fujita scale until early 2007 and the... NOAA Storm Prediction Center
  5. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025): the overall natural hazard Risk Index rating for York County is Relatively Moderate, with a Risk Index score of 90.4 out of 100. The score is the county's percentile rank among all US counties. FEMA National Risk Index
  6. Among the 18 hazards in the FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), the hazards with the highest hazard-type Risk Index scores for York County are winter weather (97.6, Very High), inland flooding (93.3, Relatively High), strong wind (92.8, Relatively High). HazardFacts sorted FEMA's published... FEMA National Risk Index
  7. HazardFacts sorted FEMA's hazard-type Expected Annual Loss values for York County (National Risk Index v1.20): the largest are inland flooding ($69.0 million a year), hurricane ($15.3 million a year), earthquake ($4.7 million a year), out of $106.0 million a year from all 18 hazards. FEMA National Risk Index
  8. FEMA's National Risk Index FAQ (December 2025): Expected Annual Loss is FEMA's estimate of the average economic loss in dollars from natural hazards each year. The index is not meant to predict how much damage a community will have in the next year, and a hazard can still cause damage where a rating is low. Scores... FEMA National Risk Index documentation
  9. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025): Social Vulnerability rating for York County is Very Low (score 17.0). FEMA describes social vulnerability as how susceptible social groups are to the harm natural hazards cause. FEMA National Risk Index
  10. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025): Community Resilience rating for York County is Very High (score 83.4). FEMA describes community resilience as a community's ability to prepare for, withstand and recover from hazards. FEMA National Risk Index
  11. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), winter weather in York County: Risk Index rating Very High (score 97.6 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $1.4 million a year (rating Very High). Annualized frequency 12.21 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 18 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  12. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), inland flooding in York County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 93.3 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $69.0 million a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 3.46 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 26... FEMA National Risk Index
  13. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), strong wind in York County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 92.8 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $3.0 million a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 6.84 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 38 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  14. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), lightning in York County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 92.7 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $1.8 million a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 37.01 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 24 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  15. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), hurricane in York County: Risk Index rating Relatively Moderate (score 92.3 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $15.3 million a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 0.09 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 172 years... FEMA National Risk Index
  16. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), heat wave in York County: Risk Index rating Relatively Moderate (score 91.7 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $4.3 million a year (rating Relatively Moderate). Annualized frequency 5.26 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 18... FEMA National Risk Index
  17. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), earthquake in York County: Risk Index rating Relatively Low (score 87.9 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $4.7 million a year (rating Relatively Moderate). FEMA's modeled annual frequency is 0.0012 events per year. FEMA National Risk Index
  18. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), drought in York County: Risk Index rating Relatively Moderate (score 86.8 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $1.7 million a year (rating Relatively Moderate). Annualized frequency 4.44 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 22 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  19. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), landslide in York County: Risk Index rating Relatively Low (score 78.9 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $17,000 a year (rating Relatively Low). FEMA National Risk Index
  20. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), cold wave in York County: Risk Index rating Relatively Moderate (score 74.1 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $3.1 million a year (rating Relatively Moderate). Annualized frequency 1.16 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 18... FEMA National Risk Index
  21. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), ice storm in York County: Risk Index rating Relatively Moderate (score 63.4 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $190,000 a year (rating Relatively Moderate). Annualized frequency 1.15 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 68 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  22. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), tornado in York County: Risk Index rating Relatively Low (score 47.6 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $1.4 million a year (rating Relatively Low). Annualized frequency 0.57 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 38 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  23. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), wildfire in York County: Risk Index rating Very Low (score 40.9 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $34,000 a year (rating Very Low). FEMA's modeled annual frequency is 0 events per year. FEMA National Risk Index
  24. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), avalanche in York County: Risk Index rating Very Low (score 24.1 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $69 a year (rating Very Low). Annualized frequency 0.01 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 28 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  25. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), hail in York County: Risk Index rating Very Low (score 23.1 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $103,000 a year (rating Very Low). Annualized frequency 2.96 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 37 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  26. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025) rates these hazards Not Applicable for York County: coastal flooding, tsunami, volcanic activity. FEMA uses Not Applicable when its source data has no historical record of the hazard in the community and the hazard is not considered geographically possible there. FEMA National Risk Index documentation
  27. NFIP Residential Penetration Rates (OpenFEMA, as of 2026-08-03): 674 residential flood insurance contracts were in force in York County, out of 148,164 residential structures, a penetration rate of 0.4%. Inside FEMA's mapped Special Flood Hazard Area there were 1,506 residential structures and 459 contracts, a rate... OpenFEMA NFIP penetration rates
  28. FEMA's Flood Map Service Center is the official public source for flood maps (Flood Insurance Rate Maps) produced under the National Flood Insurance Program. Flood zones apply to specific properties: look up an address there or ask the local floodplain manager. County-level ratings do not tell you the flood zone of... FEMA Flood Map Service Center
  29. Most recent federal disaster declarations for natural hazards (table on this page). OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations

FEMA's National Risk Index compares each county with all other US counties. Ratings are relative (Very Low to Very High), not a measure of safety. Never call a place safe, unsafe, good or bad to live in. Risk Index and Expected Annual Loss values are FEMA estimates for planning. They do not predict next year's losses and do not apply to a single property. Flood zones are set by FEMA flood maps for specific properties. County ratings and flood insurance counts do not tell anyone whether an address is in a flood zone. Disaster declaration, NFIP and tornado counts are records of the past for this county only. Do not compare with other counties unless a fact does.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties, v1.20 (December 2025). Retrieved from fema.maps.arcgis.com on October 30, 2026. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s). This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.