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Natural hazard risk in Dane County, Wisconsin

Updated October 30, 2026. Based on FEMA, NOAA and OpenFEMA data. Published by Humblebee.

FEMA overall Risk Index rating: Relatively Moderate (score 93.8 of 100)[5]

Expected annual loss (FEMA)
$182.0 million[1]
Federal disaster declarations since 1976
17[2]
NFIP flood claims paid, 1978 to 2026
$8.7 million[3]
Tornadoes recorded, 1950 to 2024
77[4]

FEMA's National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025) rates overall natural hazard risk in Dane County, Wisconsin as Relatively Moderate compared with other US counties, with a Risk Index score of 93.8 out of 100[5]. Within the county, the hazards with the highest FEMA scores are cold wave, hail and tornado[6].

FEMA risk ratings for each hazard

Ratings and expected losses from the FEMA National Risk Index. Each rating compares this county with all US counties for that hazard, from Very Low to Very High. They are planning estimates, not predictions, and they do not describe any single property.

FEMA's National Risk Index estimates Expected Annual Loss from natural hazards in Dane County at $182.0 million a year[1]. This is FEMA's estimate of average yearly loss, not money anyone paid, and it does not predict next year's losses[7]. Inland flooding has the largest hazard estimate at $84.0 million a year[8], followed by cold wave at $44.1 million[9] and tornado at $25.9 million[10]. FEMA rates Social Vulnerability Very Low[11] and Community Resilience Very High[12], which FEMA describes as a community's ability to prepare for, withstand and recover from hazards[12].

Hazards sorted by FEMA hazard-type Risk Index score, highest first
HazardFEMA risk ratingExpected annual loss
Cold WaveVery High$44.1 million[9]
HailRelatively High$12.7 million[13]
TornadoRelatively High$25.9 million[10]
Heat WaveRelatively Moderate$8.1 million[14]
Inland FloodingRelatively High$84.0 million[8]
Winter WeatherRelatively High$710,000[15]
Strong WindRelatively High$3.0 million[16]
LightningRelatively High$1.5 million[17]
LandslideRelatively Moderate$67,000[18]
Ice StormRelatively High$680,000[19]
EarthquakeRelatively Low$1.0 million[20]
WildfireVery Low$105,000[21]
DroughtRelatively Low$81,000[22]
HurricaneVery Low$17,000[23]

Rated Not Applicable by FEMA for this county: avalanche, coastal flooding, tsunami, volcanic activity[24].

Social vulnerability and community resilience

FEMA uses these two ratings to scale expected losses into the Risk Index.

FEMA measureRatingScore
Social vulnerabilityVery Low15.9[11]
Community resilienceVery High97.8[12]

Flooding and flood insurance

FEMA rates inland flooding risk in Dane County Relatively High compared with other US counties[8]. OpenFEMA lists 713 residential flood insurance contracts in force out of 162,623 residential structures, a penetration rate of 0.4%[25]. From 1978 to 2026, 333 NFIP claims were filed for losses in the county and NFIP paid $8.7 million in total, with the most paid claims in 2018[3]. To check the flood zone of an address, use FEMA's Flood Map Service Center or ask the local floodplain manager[26].

Measure Value
Inland Flooding, FEMA risk rating[8] Relatively High, $84.0 million expected loss a year
NFIP residential flood policies in force (2026)[25] 713 of 162,623 homes
Homes in FEMA's mapped high-risk flood area (SFHA)[25] 757, of which 131 insured
NFIP flood claims, 1978 to 2026[3] 333 filed, $8.7 million paid

Is a specific address in a flood zone? Only FEMA's flood maps answer that, property by property[26]. This page describes the whole county.

Search an address on the FEMA Flood Map Service Center

Disaster declarations and tornado records

OpenFEMA lists 17 federal disaster declarations for natural hazards that include Dane County since 1976, 13 of them major disasters[2]. Severe storms account for 8 of them[2]. The most recent is DR-4402-WI for severe storms, tornadoes, straight-line winds, flooding and landslides, declared 2018-10-18[27]. NOAA's Storm Prediction Center tornado database records 77 tornadoes in the county from 1950 to 2024, with the strongest rated EF3[4].

Federal disaster declarations for natural hazards that include Dane County, since 1976
Incident type Declarations
Severe Storm[2] 8
Snowstorm[2] 3
Tornado[2] 2
Flood[2] 2
Hurricane[2] 1
Drought[2] 1
Most recent declarations
Declaration Incident Declared
DR-4402-WI[27] Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, And Landslides 2018-10-18
DR-1966-WI[27] Severe Winter Storm And Snowstorm 2011-04-05
DR-1768-WI[27] Severe Storms, Tornadoes, And Flooding 2008-06-14
EM-3285-WI[27] Record Snow And Near Record Snow 2008-03-19
DR-1719-WI[27] Severe Storms And Flooding 2007-08-26

How to prepare

Steps from Ready.gov, FEMA's preparedness site, for the hazards with the highest FEMA ratings here. Follow instructions from local officials and the National Weather Service when a warning is issued.

Winter storms and cold

Before

  • Insulate your home and learn how to keep pipes from freezing.
  • Install and test smoke and carbon monoxide detectors with battery backup.
  • Keep several days of supplies in case the power goes out, including medication and pet needs.
  • Put an emergency kit in your car with jumper cables, sand, blankets, water and snacks, and keep the tank full.

During

  • Under a winter storm warning, find shelter right away.
  • Stay off the roads if you can. If you are stuck in your car, stay inside it.
  • Run generators and grills only outdoors, away from windows, and never heat your home with an oven or stove.

Source: Ready.gov, winter storms and cold

Tornadoes

Before

  • Learn the warning signs: a rotating funnel cloud, an approaching cloud of debris or a loud roar like a freight train.
  • Sign up for community warning systems and learn what your local sirens sound like.
  • Pick a safe spot, such as a safe room built to FEMA criteria or an ICC 500 storm shelter, and practice getting there.
  • Include your pets in the household emergency plan.
  • Keep supplies, food, water and medication in case you have to stay home for a long time.

During

  • Go right away to the safe place you picked in advance.
  • Protect your head and neck with your arms and stay away from windows, doors and outside walls.
  • No place in a car is fully safe. If you can get lower than the road, leave the car and lie down there.

Source: Ready.gov, tornadoes

Extreme heat

Before

  • Learn the signs of heat illness and how to respond.
  • Do not rely on a fan as your main way to stay cool. Fans do not lower body temperature.
  • Find cool public places, such as libraries or malls, or ask your local health department.
  • Keep heat out with window shades, weather stripping and insulation.
  • If you cannot afford cooling costs, contact LIHEAP for help.

During

  • Never leave a person or an animal in a parked car in warm weather.
  • If your home has no air conditioning, go to a cooling center.
  • Wear light, loose clothing, drink plenty of fluids and avoid hard outdoor work in the middle of the day.

Source: Ready.gov, extreme heat

Questions people ask

Is Dane County at risk of flooding?
FEMA rates inland flooding risk in Dane County Relatively High compared with other US counties, with an Expected Annual Loss of $84.0 million a year[8]. NFIP paid $8.7 million for flood claims in the county from 1978 to 2026[3].
How often do tornadoes hit Dane County?
NOAA's tornado database records 77 tornadoes in Dane County from 1950 to 2024, and the most recent was on 2024-06-22[4]. FEMA rates tornado risk Relatively High compared with other US counties[10].
Is Dane County at risk of earthquakes or hurricanes?
FEMA rates earthquake risk in Dane County Relatively Low[20] and hurricane risk Very Low[23] compared with other US counties.
How many federal disasters have been declared in Dane County?
OpenFEMA lists 17 federal disaster declarations for natural hazards that include Dane County since 1976[2]. The most recent was declared 2018-10-18[27].
How do I check if a property in Dane County is in a flood zone?
Look up the address on FEMA's Flood Map Service Center or ask the local floodplain manager[26]. County ratings do not tell you the flood zone of a single address[26].

Facts and sources

  1. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025): Expected Annual Loss from all 18 natural hazards in Dane County is $182.0 million a year (Expected Annual Loss rating Relatively Moderate, score 95.2). Of this, buildings account for $109.7 million, injuries and deaths (converted to dollars by FEMA) for $69.9... FEMA National Risk Index
  2. OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries list 17 federal disaster declarations for natural hazards that include Dane County since 1976 (13 major disaster, 4 emergency or fire management). By incident type: severe storm 8, snowstorm 3, tornado 2, flood 2, hurricane 1, drought 1. Biological (such as COVID-19) and... OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations
  3. HazardFacts tally of OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims (losses from 1978 to 2026): 333 National Flood Insurance Program claims were filed for losses in Dane County, 233 of them with a payment, and NFIP paid $8.7 million in total (building, contents and increased cost of compliance, in dollars of the year paid). Years... OpenFEMA NFIP claims
  4. NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database (1950 to 2024): 77 recorded tornadoes touched Dane County. The strongest were rated EF3 (most recent of them on 2014-06-16). 5 were rated F3/EF3 or stronger. The most recent recorded tornado was on 2024-06-22. Ratings used the Fujita scale until early 2007 and the... NOAA Storm Prediction Center
  5. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025): the overall natural hazard Risk Index rating for Dane County is Relatively Moderate, with a Risk Index score of 93.8 out of 100. The score is the county's percentile rank among all US counties. FEMA National Risk Index
  6. Among the 18 hazards in the FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), the hazards with the highest hazard-type Risk Index scores for Dane County are cold wave (98.9, Very High), hail (98.9, Relatively High), tornado (97.5, Relatively High). HazardFacts sorted FEMA's published scores; FEMA's scores... FEMA National Risk Index
  7. FEMA's National Risk Index FAQ (December 2025): Expected Annual Loss is FEMA's estimate of the average economic loss in dollars from natural hazards each year. The index is not meant to predict how much damage a community will have in the next year, and a hazard can still cause damage where a rating is low. Scores... FEMA National Risk Index documentation
  8. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), inland flooding in Dane County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 94.3 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $84.0 million a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 2.07 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 26... FEMA National Risk Index
  9. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), cold wave in Dane County: Risk Index rating Very High (score 98.9 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $44.1 million a year (rating Very High). Annualized frequency 5.74 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 18 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  10. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), tornado in Dane County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 97.5 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $25.9 million a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 0.93 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 38 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  11. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025): Social Vulnerability rating for Dane County is Very Low (score 15.9). FEMA describes social vulnerability as how susceptible social groups are to the harm natural hazards cause. FEMA National Risk Index
  12. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025): Community Resilience rating for Dane County is Very High (score 97.8). FEMA describes community resilience as a community's ability to prepare for, withstand and recover from hazards. FEMA National Risk Index
  13. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), hail in Dane County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 98.9 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $12.7 million a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 3.78 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 37 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  14. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), heat wave in Dane County: Risk Index rating Relatively Moderate (score 95.3 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $8.1 million a year (rating Relatively Moderate). Annualized frequency 3.53 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 18... FEMA National Risk Index
  15. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), winter weather in Dane County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 93.5 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $710,000 a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 16.11 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 18 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  16. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), strong wind in Dane County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 92.4 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $3.0 million a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 4.4 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 38 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  17. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), lightning in Dane County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 90.3 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $1.5 million a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 37.12 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 24 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  18. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), landslide in Dane County: Risk Index rating Relatively Moderate (score 89.4 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $67,000 a year (rating Relatively Low). FEMA National Risk Index
  19. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), ice storm in Dane County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 83.4 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $680,000 a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 0.62 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 68 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  20. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), earthquake in Dane County: Risk Index rating Relatively Low (score 70.6 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $1.0 million a year (rating Relatively Low). FEMA's modeled annual frequency is 0.0007 events per year. FEMA National Risk Index
  21. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), wildfire in Dane County: Risk Index rating Very Low (score 60.2 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $105,000 a year (rating Relatively Low). FEMA's modeled annual frequency is 0.0002 events per year. FEMA National Risk Index
  22. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), drought in Dane County: Risk Index rating Relatively Low (score 39.8 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $81,000 a year (rating Relatively Low). Annualized frequency 3.44 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 22 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  23. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), hurricane in Dane County: Risk Index rating Very Low (score 29.1 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $17,000 a year (rating Very Low). Annualized frequency 0.01 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 172 years for the Atlantic Basin... FEMA National Risk Index
  24. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025) rates these hazards Not Applicable for Dane County: avalanche, coastal flooding, tsunami, volcanic activity. FEMA uses Not Applicable when its source data has no historical record of the hazard in the community and the hazard is not considered geographically... FEMA National Risk Index documentation
  25. NFIP Residential Penetration Rates (OpenFEMA, as of 2026-08-03): 713 residential flood insurance contracts were in force in Dane County, out of 162,623 residential structures, a penetration rate of 0.4%. Inside FEMA's mapped Special Flood Hazard Area there were 757 residential structures and 131 contracts, a rate... OpenFEMA NFIP penetration rates
  26. FEMA's Flood Map Service Center is the official public source for flood maps (Flood Insurance Rate Maps) produced under the National Flood Insurance Program. Flood zones apply to specific properties: look up an address there or ask the local floodplain manager. County-level ratings do not tell you the flood zone of... FEMA Flood Map Service Center
  27. Most recent federal disaster declarations for natural hazards (table on this page). OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations

FEMA's National Risk Index compares each county with all other US counties. Ratings are relative (Very Low to Very High), not a measure of safety. Never call a place safe, unsafe, good or bad to live in. Risk Index and Expected Annual Loss values are FEMA estimates for planning. They do not predict next year's losses and do not apply to a single property. Flood zones are set by FEMA flood maps for specific properties. County ratings and flood insurance counts do not tell anyone whether an address is in a flood zone. Disaster declaration, NFIP and tornado counts are records of the past for this county only. Do not compare with other counties unless a fact does.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties, v1.20 (December 2025). Retrieved from fema.maps.arcgis.com on October 30, 2026. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s). This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.