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Natural hazard risk in Westchester County, New York

Updated October 30, 2026. Based on FEMA, NOAA and OpenFEMA data. Published by Humblebee.

FEMA overall Risk Index rating: Relatively High (score 96.1 of 100)[5]

Expected annual loss (FEMA)
$209.8 million[1]
Federal disaster declarations since 1965
28[2]
NFIP flood claims paid, 1978 to 2026
$272.8 million[3]
Tornadoes recorded, 1950 to 2024
8[4]

FEMA's National Risk Index rates overall natural hazard risk in Westchester County Relatively High compared with other US counties, with a score of 96.1[5]. Within the county, the hazards with the highest FEMA scores are strong wind, inland flooding and winter weather[6].

FEMA risk ratings for each hazard

Ratings and expected losses from the FEMA National Risk Index. Each rating compares this county with all US counties for that hazard, from Very Low to Very High. They are planning estimates, not predictions, and they do not describe any single property.

FEMA's National Risk Index estimates Expected Annual Loss from all 18 natural hazards in Westchester County at $209.8 million a year, rated Relatively High[1]. Inland flooding accounts for the largest single share, at $147.9 million a year[7], followed by hurricane at $14.9 million[8] and earthquake at $12.7 million[9]. This is FEMA's estimate of average yearly loss, not money anyone paid, and it does not predict next year's losses[10]. FEMA rates Social Vulnerability Relatively Moderate (score 47.3)[11] and Community Resilience Relatively High (score 77.0)[12]. FEMA describes community resilience as a community's ability to prepare for, withstand and recover from hazards[12].

Hazards sorted by FEMA hazard-type Risk Index score, highest first
HazardFEMA risk ratingExpected annual loss
Strong WindVery High$7.9 million[13]
Inland FloodingRelatively High$147.9 million[7]
Winter WeatherVery High$1.1 million[14]
LightningVery High$2.6 million[15]
Heat WaveRelatively Moderate$7.3 million[16]
EarthquakeRelatively Moderate$12.7 million[9]
Cold WaveRelatively High$9.3 million[17]
HurricaneRelatively High$14.9 million[8]
LandslideRelatively Moderate$85,000[18]
Ice StormRelatively High$927,000[19]
Coastal FloodingRelatively Moderate$2.1 million[20]
TornadoRelatively Moderate$2.6 million[21]
WildfireVery Low$66,000[22]
HailVery Low$126,000[23]
DroughtVery Low$26,000[24]
AvalancheVery Low$104[25]

Rated Not Applicable by FEMA for this county: volcanic activity[26].

Social vulnerability and community resilience

FEMA uses these two ratings to scale expected losses into the Risk Index.

FEMA measureRatingScore
Social vulnerabilityRelatively Moderate47.3[11]
Community resilienceRelatively High77.0[12]

Flooding and flood insurance

FEMA rates inland flooding risk Relatively High (score 97.9)[7] and coastal flooding risk Relatively Moderate (score 80.8)[20] compared with other US counties. OpenFEMA data show 6,276 residential flood insurance contracts in force out of 206,605 residential structures, a penetration rate of 3% as of 2026-08-03[27]. Inside FEMA's mapped Special Flood Hazard Area the rate was 63.8%[27]. A HazardFacts tally of OpenFEMA records shows NFIP paid $272.8 million on 9,945 claims for losses from 1978 to 2026, with 2021 the year with the most paid claims (1,644)[3].

Measure Value
Inland Flooding, FEMA risk rating[7] Relatively High, $147.9 million expected loss a year
Coastal Flooding, FEMA risk rating[20] Relatively Moderate, $2.1 million expected loss a year
NFIP residential flood policies in force (2026)[27] 6,276 of 206,605 homes
Homes in FEMA's mapped high-risk flood area (SFHA)[27] 3,657, of which 2,335 insured
NFIP flood claims, 1978 to 2026[3] 12,259 filed, $272.8 million paid

Is a specific address in a flood zone? Only FEMA's flood maps answer that, property by property[28]. This page describes the whole county.

Search an address on the FEMA Flood Map Service Center

Disaster declarations and tornado records

OpenFEMA lists 28 federal disaster declarations for natural hazards that include Westchester County since 1965, including 20 major disaster declarations[2]. Hurricanes account for 11 of them, floods for 6 and severe storms for 6[2]. The most recent is DR-4755-NY, Severe Storm And Flooding, declared 2024-01-30[29]. NOAA's tornado database records 8 tornadoes in the county from 1950 to 2024, the strongest rated EF1, and the most recent on 2018-10-02[4].

Federal disaster declarations for natural hazards that include Westchester County, since 1965
Incident type Declarations
Hurricane[2] 11
Flood[2] 6
Severe Storm[2] 6
Snowstorm[2] 3
Drought[2] 1
Fire[2] 1
Most recent declarations
Declaration Incident Declared
DR-4755-NY[29] Severe Storm And Flooding 2024-01-30
DR-4615-NY[29] Remnants Of Hurricane Ida 2021-09-05
EM-3572-NY[29] Remnants Of Hurricane Ida 2021-09-02
EM-3565-NY[29] Hurricane Henri 2021-08-22
DR-4567-NY[29] Tropical Storm Isaias 2020-10-02

How to prepare

Steps from Ready.gov, FEMA's preparedness site, for the hazards with the highest FEMA ratings here. Follow instructions from local officials and the National Weather Service when a warning is issued.

Floods

Before

  • Check your flood risk with FEMA's Flood Map Service Center, and remember that floods do not follow map lines.
  • Sign up for your community's warning system. NOAA Weather Radio also broadcasts alerts.
  • Buy flood insurance through the NFIP well before a disaster. Homeowners policies do not cover flooding, and a new policy typically takes up to 30 days to go into effect.
  • Make a household plan with evacuation routes, shelter locations and what to do in a flash flood.
  • Keep important documents in a waterproof container and make password-protected digital copies.

During

  • If you are told to evacuate, leave right away and never drive around barricades.
  • Do not walk, swim or drive through floodwater. Six inches of moving water can knock you down.
  • If you are trapped in a building, go to the highest level, but do not climb into a closed attic.

Source: Ready.gov, floods

Winter storms and cold

Before

  • Insulate your home and learn how to keep pipes from freezing.
  • Install and test smoke and carbon monoxide detectors with battery backup.
  • Keep several days of supplies in case the power goes out, including medication and pet needs.
  • Put an emergency kit in your car with jumper cables, sand, blankets, water and snacks, and keep the tank full.

During

  • Under a winter storm warning, find shelter right away.
  • Stay off the roads if you can. If you are stuck in your car, stay inside it.
  • Run generators and grills only outdoors, away from windows, and never heat your home with an oven or stove.

Source: Ready.gov, winter storms and cold

Extreme heat

Before

  • Learn the signs of heat illness and how to respond.
  • Do not rely on a fan as your main way to stay cool. Fans do not lower body temperature.
  • Find cool public places, such as libraries or malls, or ask your local health department.
  • Keep heat out with window shades, weather stripping and insulation.
  • If you cannot afford cooling costs, contact LIHEAP for help.

During

  • Never leave a person or an animal in a parked car in warm weather.
  • If your home has no air conditioning, go to a cooling center.
  • Wear light, loose clothing, drink plenty of fluids and avoid hard outdoor work in the middle of the day.

Source: Ready.gov, extreme heat

Questions people ask

Is Westchester County at risk of flooding?
FEMA rates inland flooding risk Relatively High compared with other US counties, with an Expected Annual Loss of $147.9 million a year[7]. Coastal flooding is rated Relatively Moderate[20].
How do I check if an address in Westchester County is in a flood zone?
Look up the address on FEMA's Flood Map Service Center or ask the local floodplain manager[28]. County ratings do not tell you the flood zone of a single address[28].
Does Westchester County get tornadoes?
NOAA's tornado database records 8 tornadoes in the county from 1950 to 2024, none rated EF3 or stronger[4]. FEMA rates tornado risk Relatively Moderate (score 72.7)[21].
What is the hurricane risk in Westchester County?
FEMA rates hurricane risk Relatively High compared with other US counties, with an Expected Annual Loss of $14.9 million a year[8]. Hurricanes account for 11 of the county's federal disaster declarations for natural hazards since 1965[2].
How many federal disasters have been declared in Westchester County?
OpenFEMA lists 28 federal disaster declarations for natural hazards that include the county since 1965[2]. The most recent was declared 2024-01-30 for severe storm and flooding[29].

Facts and sources

  1. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025): Expected Annual Loss from all 18 natural hazards in Westchester County is $209.8 million a year (Expected Annual Loss rating Relatively High, score 95.8). Of this, buildings account for $166.3 million, injuries and deaths (converted to dollars by FEMA) for... FEMA National Risk Index
  2. OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries list 28 federal disaster declarations for natural hazards that include Westchester County since 1965 (20 major disaster, 8 emergency or fire management). By incident type: hurricane 11, flood 6, severe storm 6, snowstorm 3, drought 1, fire 1. Biological (such as COVID-19)... OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations
  3. HazardFacts tally of OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims (losses from 1978 to 2026): 12,259 National Flood Insurance Program claims were filed for losses in Westchester County, 9,945 of them with a payment, and NFIP paid $272.8 million in total (building, contents and increased cost of compliance, in dollars of the year... OpenFEMA NFIP claims
  4. NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database (1950 to 2024): 8 recorded tornadoes touched Westchester County. The strongest were rated EF1 (most recent of them on 2018-10-02). 0 were rated F3/EF3 or stronger. The most recent recorded tornado was on 2018-10-02. Ratings used the Fujita scale until early 2007 and the... NOAA Storm Prediction Center
  5. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025): the overall natural hazard Risk Index rating for Westchester County is Relatively High, with a Risk Index score of 96.1 out of 100. The score is the county's percentile rank among all US counties. FEMA National Risk Index
  6. Among the 18 hazards in the FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), the hazards with the highest hazard-type Risk Index scores for Westchester County are strong wind (99.1, Very High), inland flooding (97.9, Relatively High), winter weather (97.7, Very High). HazardFacts sorted FEMA's published... FEMA National Risk Index
  7. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), inland flooding in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 97.9 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $147.9 million a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 4.14 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record... FEMA National Risk Index
  8. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), hurricane in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 93.6 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $14.9 million a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 0.14 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 172... FEMA National Risk Index
  9. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), earthquake in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Relatively Moderate (score 94.7 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $12.7 million a year (rating Relatively Moderate). FEMA's modeled annual frequency is 0.0017 events per year. FEMA National Risk Index
  10. FEMA's National Risk Index FAQ (December 2025): Expected Annual Loss is FEMA's estimate of the average economic loss in dollars from natural hazards each year. The index is not meant to predict how much damage a community will have in the next year, and a hazard can still cause damage where a rating is low. Scores... FEMA National Risk Index documentation
  11. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025): Social Vulnerability rating for Westchester County is Relatively Moderate (score 47.3). FEMA describes social vulnerability as how susceptible social groups are to the harm natural hazards cause. FEMA National Risk Index
  12. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025): Community Resilience rating for Westchester County is Relatively High (score 77.0). FEMA describes community resilience as a community's ability to prepare for, withstand and recover from hazards. FEMA National Risk Index
  13. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), strong wind in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Very High (score 99.1 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $7.9 million a year (rating Very High). Annualized frequency 4.97 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 38 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  14. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), winter weather in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Very High (score 97.7 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $1.1 million a year (rating Very High). Annualized frequency 12.5 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 18 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  15. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), lightning in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Very High (score 97.6 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $2.6 million a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 28.7 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 24 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  16. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), heat wave in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Relatively Moderate (score 96.1 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $7.3 million a year (rating Relatively Moderate). Annualized frequency 6.18 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record... FEMA National Risk Index
  17. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), cold wave in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 93.7 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $9.3 million a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 1.02 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 18... FEMA National Risk Index
  18. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), landslide in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Relatively Moderate (score 93.2 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $85,000 a year (rating Relatively Low). FEMA National Risk Index
  19. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), ice storm in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Relatively High (score 90.2 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $927,000 a year (rating Relatively High). Annualized frequency 1.27 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 68 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  20. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), coastal flooding in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Relatively Moderate (score 80.8 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $2.1 million a year (rating Relatively Moderate). FEMA's modeled annual frequency is 5.419 events per year. FEMA National Risk Index
  21. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), tornado in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Relatively Moderate (score 72.7 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $2.6 million a year (rating Relatively Moderate). Annualized frequency 0.16 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 38... FEMA National Risk Index
  22. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), wildfire in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Very Low (score 56.6 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $66,000 a year (rating Very Low). FEMA's modeled annual frequency is 0.0002 events per year. FEMA National Risk Index
  23. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), hail in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Very Low (score 32.6 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $126,000 a year (rating Relatively Low). Annualized frequency 2.31 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 37 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  24. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), drought in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Very Low (score 30.5 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $26,000 a year (rating Very Low). Annualized frequency 0.97 event-days per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 22 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  25. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025), avalanche in Westchester County: Risk Index rating Very Low (score 30.1 of 100). Expected Annual Loss $104 a year (rating Very Low). Annualized frequency 0.01 events per year, from recorded occurrences over a period of record of 28 years. FEMA National Risk Index
  26. FEMA National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025) rates these hazards Not Applicable for Westchester County: volcanic activity. FEMA uses Not Applicable when its source data has no historical record of the hazard in the community and the hazard is not considered geographically possible there. FEMA National Risk Index documentation
  27. NFIP Residential Penetration Rates (OpenFEMA, as of 2026-08-03): 6,276 residential flood insurance contracts were in force in Westchester County, out of 206,605 residential structures, a penetration rate of 3%. Inside FEMA's mapped Special Flood Hazard Area there were 3,657 residential structures and 2,335... OpenFEMA NFIP penetration rates
  28. FEMA's Flood Map Service Center is the official public source for flood maps (Flood Insurance Rate Maps) produced under the National Flood Insurance Program. Flood zones apply to specific properties: look up an address there or ask the local floodplain manager. County-level ratings do not tell you the flood zone of... FEMA Flood Map Service Center
  29. Most recent federal disaster declarations for natural hazards (table on this page). OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations

FEMA's National Risk Index compares each county with all other US counties. Ratings are relative (Very Low to Very High), not a measure of safety. Never call a place safe, unsafe, good or bad to live in. Risk Index and Expected Annual Loss values are FEMA estimates for planning. They do not predict next year's losses and do not apply to a single property. Flood zones are set by FEMA flood maps for specific properties. County ratings and flood insurance counts do not tell anyone whether an address is in a flood zone. Disaster declaration, NFIP and tornado counts are records of the past for this county only. Do not compare with other counties unless a fact does.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Risk Index Dataset: National Risk Index Counties, v1.20 (December 2025). Retrieved from fema.maps.arcgis.com on October 30, 2026. This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s). This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.